Since its independence 80 years ago, Indonesia has evolved as a unitary state with a multi-tiered governance structure, spanning provinces, districts/cities, and—since 2014—village-level self-governance. Poverty alleviation remains a persistent national challenge, with policies and programs designed and implemented across these different administrative scales. However, the interplay between these initiatives and how they shape poverty reduction efforts remains underexplored.

This study investigates the interconnectedness of poverty alleviation strategies across Indonesia’s multilevel governance framework. Employing a qualitative approach, we analyze planning documents and stakeholder interviews to assess how varying policy targets and intergovernmental dynamics influence implementation. Findings reveal that divergent practical priorities at each governance level generate distinct incentives for actors, while shifting power relations further shape policy outcomes.

By applying a multiscalar governance lens, this research contributes to broader debates on decentralization, local autonomy, and inclusive development in post-colonial states. The study offers critical insights for policymakers seeking to enhance coherence in poverty reduction strategies amid Indonesia’s evolving governance landscape.

Keywords: multiscalar governance, multilevel governance, poverty, strategic planning