This research proposes that threads are living actors within Indonesian weaving communities, influencing people, the environment and cultural practices. Utilising Actor-Network Theory (ANT), we examine the intricate relationships among artisans and threads within their unique ecosystems, highlighting how artefacts and people create unique interdependencies. The introduction of synthetic dyes, while offering vibrant colours and economic benefits, disrupts these ecosystems, threatening the health and well-being of weaving communities and leading to environmental degradation. Tracing the connections between weavers and their materials reveals that these threads are not merely resources but vital links in a broader socio-ecological network that informs daily practices and policymaking. We propose the “Living Threads” framework, which advocates for adopting innovative natural alternatives that respect people, cultural heritage and the environment. Ultimately, this study underscores the need to view textile practices as dynamic ecosystems that can facilitate systemic change.