While Indonesia is embarking on health systems transformation, there is a need to assess how this transformation translates into a more equitable access to quality health services, particularly at the primary health level. This research provides an overview of the recent health system transformation in Indonesia and by utilising data from the National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas), it investigates the progress towards access to primary health services across Indonesia. The study will discuss both the advancements and obstacles encountered in the pursuit of equitable access to health services amid systemic reforms, particularly the implementation of universal health coverage via the Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) initiative. The results reveal progress towards UHC but also ongoing inequities, especially impacting rural populations, low-income families, and marginalized groups. Essential recommendations include the need for improvement of primary healthcare services, the removal of structural impediments, and the promotion of inclusive policy development.